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Music therapy can alleviate anxiety in pregnant women, research finds

Several studies have suggested that music can help those dealing with mental health issues

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December 26, 2018 at 12:23 p.m. EST

Adapted from a story by Juli Fraga for The Washington Post.

Elizabeth Larsen, 42, of Huntley, Ill., had four miscarriages before she became a mother. Each loss was devastating and complicated her feelings about her future pregnancies.

“I was always worried, waiting for the other shoe to drop. I felt broken and depressed,” Larsen says.

She was in search of ways to soothe her anxiety, and her yoga teacher recommended music therapy. Larsen tried it and loved it. “I wanted to find wellness tools to ensure that my baby and I would have a safe and wonderful birth. Music therapy opened up my bodily senses and helped me to relax,” Larsen says.

Recent research suggests that music therapy may lessen symptoms of prenatal anxiety for some women, which in turn may benefit the health of their child.

Several studies suggest that music and other expressive arts therapies seem to help people dealing with mental health issues, including depression, eating disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Music’s role in healing has been promoted for quite some time: In 1948, a study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) recommended that physicians incorporate music therapy as a part of routine patient care. By the 1950s, music was being used as a complementary therapy to treat mental-health concerns. More recently, music therapy has been used to help veterans recover from PTSD. New studies suggest that singing and listening to music triggers the brain to release oxytocin and dopamine, neurotransmitters and hormones tied to such emotions as joy and love.

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Recently, a study focused on 409 pregnant women in the third trimester of their pregnancy looked specifically at music and mental-health concerns during pregnancy. None of the women had a history of anxiety. Half of the women received music therapy, which meant listening to a CD of relaxing, instrumental, melodic music three times a week; the other half did not. After completing therapy, the women who participated in music therapy reported being less anxious than those who did not receive the intervention.

“During pregnancy, fears and anxieties about the health of the baby are very common. Many of the women in our study were anxious about the stress test, an ultrasound that examines the health of the baby,” said Jessica Garcia-Gonzalez, the study’s lead researcher. The study suggests that “anxiety during pregnancy can increase a woman’s risk of postnatal anxiety and depression, but music therapy can help reduce stress.”

While women know pregnancy can bring physical discomfort such as fatigue, swollen ankles and sleep concerns, many aren’t aware that maternal mental-health concerns such as depression and anxiety are also common complications of pregnancy.

According to Postpartum Support International, a nonprofit group focused on raising awareness about prenatal and postpartum mood concerns, 6 percent of pregnant women and 10 percent of new mothers suffer from anxiety right after birth, while 15 percent of women struggle with more significant depression after childbirth.

Left unchecked, this anxiety can lead to numerous pregnancy-related health complications.

For some pregnant women or new mothers a more intensive intervention such as psychotherapy may be required. But for many, music provides the right antidote to anxiety, especially in the first few harried and sleepless months after giving birth.

Kate Taylor, a board-certified music therapist and birth doula, provides music therapy for pregnant and postpartum women.

“I use music as a teaching tool. We might analyze song lyrics or listen to instruments or music that can aid in relaxation,” Taylor says. “Songs can bring up intense emotions for women, which can help them connect with the baby, and openly share their worries and feelings about motherhood.”

Music therapy with Taylor helped Larsen cope with the emotional stress of pregnancy. “During our sessions, we listened to the acoustic guitar. At home, I listened to relaxing music on my headphones. The music calmed my anxiety, which helped me stay positive,” Larsen says.

Crystal Duffy, 33, a mother of three in Houston, found music therapy helped her cope with the anxiety she felt after being hospitalized because of pregnancy complications during her second trimester carrying twins.

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“I worried whether or not my babies would be born premature,” Duffy says. “In the hospital, it was also difficult to be away from my oldest daughter. I didn’t want the stress to impact the babies. Creative outlets were a healing way for me to release and express my fears.

“I composed two lullabies for the babies,” she says. “At first, I wrote the lyrics, and then I put the words to music. My therapist helped me with the technical aspects of the music.”

Even though her babies were born prematurely, they were healthy. And in the months after their birth, music therapy helped Duffy manage the stress of caring for multiples.

According to Kleiman, music therapy can be cost-effective, easy to implement and less stigmatizing than other types of therapy.

“The beauty is that there’s a potential for pregnant women to discover the immediate benefits from incorporating relaxing music into their daily routine,” she says.

Fraga is a psychologist with a specialty in prenatal and postpartum depression.